1801 CE
Giuseppe Piazzi, an Italian Catholic priest established an observatory at Palermo and discovered the first dwarf planet, Ceres.
1801 CE
Thomas Jefferson elected President of the United States.
1801 CE
The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge to form the United Kingdom.
1801 CE
The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII,
1802 CE
Ludwig van Beethoven performs his Moonlight Sonata for the first time.
1803 CE
The United States more than doubles in size when it buys out France's claims in North America with the Louisiana Purchase.
1804 CE
Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.
1804 CE
World population at 1 billion.
1804 CE
In the sixteenth century, laudanum, which was opium in an alcoholic solution, was used as a painkiller. Morphine first isolated in 1804.
1807 CE
The first successful steamboat was the Clermont, built by American inventor Robert Fulton in 1807.
1807 CE
Britain declares the Slave Trade illegal.
1807 CE
Sir Humphry Davy, isolated, by using electricity, a series of elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. Davy also studied the forces involved in these separations, inventing the new field of electrochemistry.
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| Sir Humphry Davy, Bt, by Thomas Phillips |
18010-20s
The Latin American wars of independence.
1812-15
War of 1812 between the United States and Britain.
1812-15
War of 1812 between the United States and Britain.
1813 CE
"Pride and Prejudice", by Jane Austen, published anonymously in three volumes in 1813.
1818 CE
Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein.
1814 CE
The first successful steam engine locomotive was built by the British Engineer George Stephenson called Blücher, in 1814.1818 CE
Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein.
1819 CE
Peterloo massacre in England. Cavalry charged into a crowd of around 60,000 people, who had gathered to demand the reform of parliamentary representation.
1820 CE
Discovery of Antarctica.
1821-30 CE
Greek War of Independence and Greece breaks away from the Ottoman Empire.
1822 CE
The first rotating device driven by electromagnetism was built by the Englishman Peter Barlow in 1822.
1825 CE
The Stockton and Darlington Railway, the world's first public railway to use steam locomotives.
1826 CE
Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
1828 CE
Black War in Tasmania leads to the near extinction of the Tasmanian Aboriginal people. |
| Truganini (c. 1812 – 8 May 1876) was a woman widely considered to have been the last full-blooded Aboriginal Tasmanian |
1829 CE
Robert Peel founds the Metropolitan Police Service, with the Metropolitan Police Act, which set up the first disciplined police force, for the Greater London area. 1839 CE
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is established.
1836 CE
HMS Beagle entered Sydney Harbour with the 26-year old Charles Darwin on board, HMS Beagle, January 12, 1836.
1837 CE
Samuel Morse independently developed and patented a recording electric telegraph in 1837.
1837-1901 CE
Queen Victoria's reign.
1839-1860 CE
The First and Second Opium Wars.
1840 CE
The Treaty of Waitangi is signed by the Māori and British.
1844 CE
First publicly funded telegraph line in the world, between Baltimore and Washington.
1846 CE
The Lunacy Act's, of Great Britain, most important provision was a change in the status of mentally ill people to patients.
1845-49
The Irish Potato Famine leads to the Irish diaspora.
1846 CE
Successful anaesthesia for surgery was first demonstrated in 1846.
1846-1847 CE
Mormon migration to Utah.
1846 CE
The Communist Manifesto published.The California Gold Rush (1848–1855).
1850 CE
By 1850 a transatlantic cable had been laid between England and France, for telegraph communications.
1850 CE
The Taiping Rebellion, caused massive political and religious upheaval, lasting from 1850 to 1864, between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At least 20 million people died.
1851 CE
The Great Exhibition in London was the world's first international World Fair. |
| The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, in 1851 |
1851 CE
Gold rush begins in Australia.
1853 CE
On July 8, 1853, commodore Matthew Perry, commander of the United, used “gunboat diplomacy” to force the Japanese to agree to open trade.
1853-56 CE
Crimean War between France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire and Russia.
1855 BC
Bessemer process enables steel to be mass-produced.
1857 CE
Indian Rebellion of 1857.
1858 CE
Invention of the phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound.
1859 CE
Charles Darwin publishes "On the Origin of Species".1861 CE
The American Civil War, fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the northern United States (loyal to the Union) and the southern United States (that had seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy).
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| Union soldiers entrenched along the west bank of the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Created: 1 May 1863 |
1861 CE
Emperor Alexander II finally abolished Russian serfdom (serfs were unfree peasants ) in the emancipation reform of 1861.
1861 CE
James Clerk Maxwell publishes "On Physical Lines of Force". Maxwell's equations, describe how electric charges and electric currents create electric and magnetic fields.
1863 CE
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Emancipation Proclamation issued by United States President, Abraham Lincoln.
1863 CE
Formation of the International Red Cross is followed by the adoption of the First Geneva Convention in 1864.
1863 CE
On January 10, 1863, the London Underground, or the "Tube", opened to passengers.
1863 CE
The French scientist Paul-Jean Coulier developed a method to transfer latent fingerprints on surfaces to paper using iodine fuming in 1863. It allowed the London Scotland Yard to start fingerprinting individuals and identify criminals using fingerprints in 1901.
1865 CE
Gregor Mendel, by experimenting with pea plant breeding, developed three principles of inheritance that described the transmission of genetic traits.
1866 CE
Japan embarks on a program of rapid modernisation.
1869 CE
First Transcontinental Railroad completed in United States.
1871 CE
The feudal system is dismantled in Japan.
1874 CE
The Home Rule Movement is established in Ireland. |
| Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell (1846-1891) addressing a meeting. Library of Congress |
1875-1900
26 million Indians die in India due to famine.
1876-1879 CE
13 million Chinese die of famine in northern China.
1870s CE
The Gilded Age was an era from the 1870s to about 1900 in the USA, when the country became more prosperous, with unprecedented growth in industry and technology.
1877 CE
Thomas Edison invents the phonograph, 1877. In 1879, Edison tests his first light bulb.
1880
The First Boer War (December 1880 to March 1881). The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902).
1881 Ce
Tsar Alexander II is assassinated.
1881 CE
Pogroms (anti-Semitic violence) begin in the Russian Empire.
1881 CE
Godalming, Surrey, England, became the first place in the world to have public electricity supply and electric street lighting.
1881 CE
Laws are passed in France establishing free, secular education.
1885 CE
First car with internal combustion engine is created by Karl Benz. Benz sells the first car in the following year. |
| The Benz Patent-Motorwagen, 1885 |
1886 CE
Burma is presented to Queen Victoria as a birthday present.
1890 CE
The last battle in the American Indian Wars, the Battle of Wounded Knee.
1893 CE
New Zealand became the first country in the world to grant all women the right to vote.
1894 CE
First gramophone record.
1895 CE
First commercial film is screened, on December 28, 1895, at the Grand Cafe in Paris.
1895 CE
Wilhelm Röntgen identifies x-rays.
1896 CE
Philippines free from Spanish rule.
1896 CE
Klondike Gold Rush in Canada.
1897 CE
The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire, over Crete.1898-1900 CE
The Boxer Rebellion, was an anti-imperialist, anti-foreign, and anti-Christian uprising in China. "Boxers” was the name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”).
1901 CE
On 1 January 1901, the six existing self-governing British colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia.